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A currency detector or currency validator is a device that determines whether notes or coins are genuine or counterfeit. These devices are used in a wide range of automated machines, such as retail kiosks, supermarket self checkout machines, arcade gaming machines, payphones, launderette washing machines, car park ticket machines, automatic fare collection machines, public transport ticket machines, and vending machines.
The process involves examining the coins and/or notes that have been inserted into the machine, and conducts various tests to determine if the currency is counterfeit. Because the parameters are different for each coin or note, these currency acceptors must be correctly programmed for each item to be accepted.
In normal operation, if any item such as a coin, banknote, card or ticket is accepted, it is retained within the machine and it falls into a storage container to allow a member of staff to collect it later when emptying the machine. If the item is rejected, the machine returns the item to the customer. If a coin is rejected, it usually falls into a tray or rolls out of a slot at the bottom where the customer can remove the coin. If a banknote, card or ticket is rejected, it is ejected out of the machine so that the customer can remove it from the slot into which it was inserted.
Coin acceptors[edit]
As the counterfeit bills get used in vending machines and rejected, or as they make their way into banks, where human tellers can feel the difference, or when they get into the hands of an attentive convenience store worker who rejects them, or when they make their way back to the scanning machines at the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing. A currency detector or currency validator is a device that determines whether notes or coins are genuine or counterfeit.These devices are used in a wide range of automated machines, such as retail kiosks, supermarket self checkout machines, arcade gaming machines, payphones, launderette washing machines, car park ticket machines, automatic fare collection machines, public transport ticket. – Our bills/notes bypass everything, counterfeit pens and machines. – Can be used in banks but can be used else where same like normal money – We have the best HOLOGRAMS AND DUPLICATING MACHINES – UV: YES EUR – Euro USD – US Dollar DNR – DINAR GBP – British Pound INR – Indian Rupee AUD – Australian Dollar CAD – Canadian Dollar.
The basic principle for coin detection is to test the physical properties of the coin against known characteristics of acceptable coins. The coin acceptor identifies the coin according to its mass, size, diameter, thickness, metal composition and/or magnetism, and then sends an appropriate electrical signal via its output connection. The next step is generally performed by the banknote-to-coins exchanger.
Today, sophisticated electronic coin acceptors are being used in some places that, in addition to examining the mass, weight and size, also scan the inserted coin using optical laser beams and match the image to a pre-defined list, or test the coin's 'metallic signature' based on its metallic composition.
Normal circulation coins eventually collect microscopic particles of dirt, dust, oil and grease from people's fingers. When a coin acceptor is used for a long time, thousands of coins rolling along a track will leave enough dirt, dust, oil and grease to be visible. As a consequence of this, the coin acceptor must be cleaned properly on a regular basis to prevent malfunction or damage. Coin acceptors are modular, so a dirty acceptor can be replaced with a clean unit, minimising downtime. The old unit is then cleaned and refurbished.
Some new types of coin acceptors are able to recognize the coins through 'training', so they will support any new types of coins or tokens when correctly introduced.
Testing methods[edit]
Vending and change machines use several methods of deciding whether a banknote is genuine. Adjusting these settings and the sensitivity of each is programmed via means of DIP switches on the internal circuitry.[citation needed]
Optical sensing[edit]
Optical sensing with a small light detector called a photocell or a miniature digital camera is one of the main techniques that vending machines use. Many countries' banknotes are pixelated—that is, they are made out of small dots. The dots are spaced differently and have different sizes, depending on the note. The optical sensors can look for these different patterns to determine what sort of note has been inserted. Some paper money is also fluorescent: it glows when ultraviolet light is shined on it. Some machines shine an ultraviolet light on the note and measure the glow to help determine the banknote's material composition.
GMR sensor proximity detection[edit]
The particles in the ink on many countries' currency have ferromagnetic properties, including some elemental iron.[1] Magnetic composition comprises carbon nanofoam in an amount of from 0.1 to 45 percent by weight of the total composition.[2]
Notes are passed over a permanent magnet array and magnetized along their direction of travel. A magnetic sensor located several inches away with its sensitive axis parallel to the direction of travel can detect the remnant field of the ink particles.
The purpose of the biasing magnet in this case is to achieve a controlled orientation of the magnetic moments of the ink particles, resulting in a maximum and recognizable magnetic signature. Reversing the magnetizing field can actually invert the signature.[3]
Physical attributes[edit]
The thickness and dimensions of a banknote are tested to ensure they are correct. US currency is 2.61 inches wide by 6.14 inches in length and are 0.0042 inches thick, and weigh 1 gram.[4] Currency printed prior to 10 July 1929 had larger physical characteristics.[5] As the notes pass between the rollers, the voltages vary according to their thickness.[6]
Miniature transducers, approximately 3/8' diameter, offer high accuracy linear measurement in a compact space where size constraints prohibit the use of standard LVDTI's. In addition, the low- mass core is ideal for systems with low driving forces or high acceleration and, therefore, will not adversely influence the delicate nature of these applications. Operating ranges are available from ±0.005' to ±1.00', divided into eight intermediate strokes.[6]
Genuine Federal Reserve notes have a clear polyester thread embedded vertically in the paper. The thread is inscribed with the denomination of the note, and is visible only when held up to light. Each denomination has a unique thread position and will glow a unique color in ultraviolet (UV) light.[7]
Banknote acceptors[edit]
Also known as validators or acceptors, paper currency detectors scan paper currency using optical and magnetic sensors. Upon validation, the validator will inform the vending machine controller (VMC) or other host device of a credit via a parallel or serial interface. Various interfaces exist for the host device, including a single-line pulse interface, a multi-line parallel interface, a multi-line binary interface, and serial interfaces such as ccTalk, SSP, and MDB. Wrinkled or creased notes can cause these machines to reject them.
There are currently only a handful of companies manufacturing this equipment. Crane Payment Innovations (joining Crane Payment Solutions and MEI), and Japan Cash Machine (JCM) are two of the largest, each maintaining dominance in a particular market segment. Other notable companies producing this type of equipment include Coinco, Pyramid Technologies, Inc. (PTI), International Currency Technologies (ICT), Alpha CMS (Cash Management Solutions), Astrosys, Pyramid Technologies, Validation Technologies International (VTI), Innovative Technology Ltd (ITL), Global Payment Technologies (GPT) and Jofemar.Recent innovations include remote auditing and reporting by these devices as part of an Automated Cash Handling network for entertainment, banking, retail, casino and other industries.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'MONEY IN A BLENDER-A MONEY SMOOTHIE'. Steve Spangler Science. 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^Xerox Corporation (Apr 26, 2006). 'Magnetic ink composition, magnetic ink character recognition process, and magnetically readable structures'(EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION). EP 2 390 292 B1. European Patent Office.
- ^Caruso, Michael J.; C.H. Smith; T. Bratland; R. Schneider. 'A New Perspective on Magnetic Field Sensing'(PDF). Plymouth, MN and Eden Prairie, MN: Honeywell SSEC and Nonvolatile Electronics: 14–15.Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ^'US Currency FAQs'. US Bureau of Engraving and Printing. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original(FAQ) on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
The approximate weight of a note, regardless of denomination is (1) one gram.
- ^'Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency'. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ ab'LVDT use in ATM to Sense Dollar Bills'(PDF). LVDT Application. Trans-Tek, Inc.: 1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^'Know Your Money'(PDF). US Secret Service. April 2008. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
String and Coin - This is possibly the simplest form of cheating that can be done on a slot machine. The idea is simple you tape a length of string to a coin and insert that coin into the slot machine. Once the machine registers the coin drop a tug on the string and the coin returns to the player. Repeating this process adds credits to the machine without spending anything. Players using this method were refered to as Yo-Yo players because of the action of pulling the string multiple times looks like they are playing with a Yo-Yo. The biggest draw back to this system is the fact that there is a string sticking out of the coin slot of the slot machine. It would be pretty hard to explain why you have a string in a slot machine. With the discovery of this cheating method, vendors were able to come up with a device to prevent the coins from returning up the coin shute. The only place this cheating method is going to work is in a slot machine museum and the machines there don't pay-out.
Can Counterfeit Money Be Used In Slot Machines For Sale
Can Counterfeit Money Be Used In Slot Machines Dispense
Shaved Coins - Some cleaver people discovered that if you shave about 0.040' off a quarter the slot machine will still register the coin being dropped into the machine but are immediately discharged from the machine. This produced the same results as the string trick but without the string sticking out of the machine. As you can see in the image to the right, the coin on the right is slightly smaller and unless close attention is paid to the coin it would be easily over looked. While this method is easier to use then the string method, the inserting a coin and having it pop right back out while registering a credit is sure to draw some attention eventually. Vendors have also developed more sophisticated optical coin readers to evaluate each coin inserted and reject those coins that don't 'measure' up.Counterfeit Money - This one isn't specifically a slot cheat but it certainly affects slot machines more often then other games in the casino. There are some counterfeit bills that are good enough to pass the electronic eye of the slot machine. This offers the cheat a way of 'laundering' the money they made. How this works is that the cheat would play a machine that returns a high percentage of the money played. So if the cheat got 95% of every dollar played they would have .95 of real money sticking the casino with the fake money. The fake money won't be detected until the slot machine is emptied and the money counted and by then the cheat can be long gone. The downside of this method is obvious. Counter fitting money is a federal crime that the FBI and the Treasury Department take very seriously.
Counterfeit Tokens - Many casinos have switched their slot machines from accepting coins to accepting casino tokens. The original idea behind that was that the players would need to exchange legal tender for casino tokens which can only be used in their slot and video poker machines. Since altered money could not be used at the slot machines then that would stop the cheating. Well this worked for a while until some decided that they could make their own tokens and spend those at the casino. The process for making your own tokens is pretty simple in theory. First you need a token you want to copy, this just requires a visit to the casino of choice and 'purchase' a few tokens being sure to keep one on your way out. Next you make a mold(s) of the token and with a small investment in easily and legal materials, you melt some metal and pour it into the mold(s). Once the tokens have cooled you remove them from the mold, remove any excess material and polish them up.
The draw back to this method is that it is very hard and expensive to make quality counterfeit tokens. The size, weight, look and feel all need to be exact, if just one of these things is off it will be easy to identify them and you. Vendors and Casinos are very vigilant about this type of cheating. There are some very good counterfeit tokens out there and some may even have ended up in circulation. If this was allowed to go unchecked, not only would the casino's be affected but legitimate players might be scrutinized as cheaters.
Shaved Tokens - Much like the Shaved Coins method, cheaters get a number of tokens and shave them down so that the machine registers it as a credit but does not recognize it as a legitimate token and spits it back out. The benefits and draw backs of the shaved token are the same as the shaved coin.
Slugs - Slugs are metal circles that match the diameter, width, weight and magnetic properties of a coin or token but have no designs on them. When dropped into a machine they would be close enough to the real coins or tokens that the machine would accept them without a problem. Unless a player is spotted using slugs is almost impossible until the money is counted from the slot machine to catch a player using slugs to cheat the casino. With better technology and video cameras covering the slot areas you might make it out of the casino but they will certainly report you to the police as a suspect, and they'll have your picture to share with the police.
Foreign Coins - Slot cheats quickly learned that there are some foreign coins that are sloe enough to American currency that they are able to fool the coin counters on slot machine into believing that they are in fact American Currency. This may not seem like a huge problem but the when the actualy value of that coin might be 1/10th of the cost of it's American counterpart it's being mistaken for you can see how this could quickly become a problem.
Slot Machines To Buy For Home
Coin Emulation - This cheat consists of a device that is inserted into the coin slot of a slot machine and once in place and activated it uses electronics to simulates the signals to the coin comparator that coins are being added to the machine. On some machines it is even possible to add several hundred coins in a fraction of a second. With this cheat like any other money cheat, the cheater need not play through all the fake money to make some money. Once the fake money is added to the machine the cheater need only to 'Cash Out' to turn that fake money into real money.
Bill Validator Fraud - This one isn't specifically a slot cheat but it certainly affects slot machines more often then other games in the casino. There are some counterfeit bills that are good enough to pass the electronic eye of the slot machine. This offers the cheat a way of 'laundering' the money they made. How this works is that the cheat would play a machine that returns a high percentage of the money played. So if the cheat got 95% of every dollar played they would have .95 of real money sticking the casino with the fake money. The fake money won't be detected until the slot machine is emptied and the money counted and by then the cheat can be long gone. The downside of this method is obvious. Counter fitting money is a federal crime that the FBI and the Treasury Department take very seriously.
The counterfeit money used by casino cheats is specifically designed to beat the checks and balances of the bill validators that the slot machines use. By designing money to beat the bill validator the cheat doesn't have to worry about the money being discovered until the casino empties that machine and counts the money. This is a very effective way of laundering fake money even if the return is only 95%. Over the years the Bill Validators have become more sophisticated as the counterfeiters have become more sophisticated. Today all but the most advanced counterfeit bills are caught and will the cooperation of the treasury department the days of counterfeit bills being played at slot machines are numbered.